UC researchers uncover clues for COVID-19 treatment

By examining preexisting research for other conditions, researchers at the University of Cincinnati have found a potential treatment that could be applied to COVID-19.

The findings, published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, established that a lipid found in the human body could be used to prevent or treat infections with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. That lipid, called sphingosine, is a natural element taken from the body and is important in the lipid metabolism of all cells and the local immune defense in epithelial cells, a type of cell that lines the surfaces of the body including skin, blood vessels, urinary tract and organs. They serve as a barrier between the inside and outside of your body and protect it from viruses.

“We investigated whether a specific lipid is able to interfere with the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to human epithelial cells,” says corresponding author Erich Gulbins, MD, a visiting professor in UC’s Department of Surgery. He is also chair of the Department of Molecular Biology at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.

Co-author Syed Ahmad, MD, co-director of the UC Cancer Center, professor and chief of the division of surgical oncology at UC and a UC Health surgeon, says this collaboration is particularly fascinating because it takes medical research from other areas of study and applies it to a timely public health issue.

“The ACE2 receptor has been studied and identified as a treatment target in pancreatic cancer,” says Ahmad, the Hayden Family Endowed Chair for Cancer Research. “This is an example of taking existing research and applying it to COVID-19 science in order to make progress in the field. This is how translational science works.”

In addition to Ahmad, other co-authors on the study include: Sameer Patel, Gregory Wilson and Michael Edwards (first co-author), University of Cincinnati; Katrin Becker (first co-author), Simone Keitsch, Barbara Wilker, Matthias Soddemann, Anne Gulbins, Alexander Carpinteiro and Elisa Carpinteiro, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Barbara Gripp, Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit des Kindes-und Jugendalters, Germany; Markus Hoffmann and Stefan Pöhlmann, German Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research and University Göttingen, Germany; and Silke Walter and Klaus Fassbender, University Hospital Saarland, Germany. Gulbins has patented the use of sphingosine to treat viral infections.

The study was supported by the German Research Foundation DFG, the German Ministry of Science and institutional funds from the universities of Cincinnati and Duisburg-Essen.