References on a resume: Everything you need to know

They can be a useful addition to your job application package, especially when you’re just starting out in your career. But it’s important to know when and how to include references, as well as who to ask. 

We’ve answered some frequently asked questions about resumes to help you prepare.

In most cases, you do not put references on a resume unless the employer specifically asks for them. Instead, you should have a separate reference list ready to go when the employer requests it. 

How to send a reference list to an employer is easy — simply share it as a document or include it in an email when prompted. It's best to only provide references when asked in order to follow proper etiquette and only provide the most relevant references for the position.

References should be listed on a single page separate from your resume, cover letter and other application materials. Create a dedicated document for references with their full names, contact information.

References should look simple, clean, and well-organized. Each reference should be listed with contact details. Make sure to get the person’s permission before listing them as a reference and ensure their contact information is up to date.

Make sure you format references clearly and consistently. A typical reference entry includes the person’s name, job title, company or school, phone number and email address, and your relationship to them (e.g., "former manager" or "academic advisor"). 

For example:

Jane Doe
Manager, Marketing Department
ABC Company
Internship supervisor
555-123-4567
jdoe@email.com

As for how many references to include, it’s generally recommended to have between three to five references. Too few can seem like you don’t have a strong network, while too many can overwhelm an employer. Stick to the most relevant and supportive references.

The phrase "references available upon request" used to be a common practice, but it's no longer necessary to include this on your resume. Employers know that they can request references, so it’s better to save space for other important information and prepare your reference list separately.

Employers often ask for references to verify the information on your resume and gain insight into your work habits, skills and professionalism. A strong reference can help demonstrate your qualifications and give you an edge over other candidates.

References should always be professional contacts, not a friend or relative. 

Pick someone who is familiar with your work, skills and character. This could be a professor, supervisor or colleague who can speak positively about your strengths and potential. Be sure to choose people who will provide a strong recommendation based on their direct experiences with you.

The best way to ask someone to be a reference is to approach them politely and professionally. It’s important to ask them well in advance, giving them enough time to think about your request and prepare if they agree. 

A simple email often works best. Here are five tips to remember as you reach out to your potential reference:

• Ask in advance: Don't wait until the last minute. Reach out well ahead of when you'll need the reference to give them time to prepare.
• Be polite and respectful: Show respect for their time and effort. Make it clear that you understand this is a favor and that you’ll appreciate their help.
• Provide context: Let them know what the reference is for — whether it's a job application, graduate school or another opportunity. You can mention why you think they'd be a good person to speak on your behalf.
• Be clear about what you need: Let them know if you need a specific type of reference (e.g., letter, email) or if you want them to speak to certain skills or experiences. Offering to send them your resume or a brief outline of your accomplishments can be helpful.
• Express gratitude: Make sure to thank them for considering your request, and let them know you genuinely appreciate their time and support.

When you’re applying for jobs, co-ops or internships, remember that references should be provided only when requested. Instead of listing references on a resume, create a separate document for them. And make sure you ask for references from people who can speak to your strengths. Don’t forget to ask them professionally and respectfully, and always ensure they’re comfortable being listed.

The Bearcat Promise Career Studio is a place where all UC students can participate in career exploration, planning and development. Whether you’re writing your first resume or interviewing for your first job, they’re here to help.

Meet with a professional career coach or peer career coach, or browse online resources.

Read more prep guides:

• Grad school personal statements
• Grad school resumes